Declarative Action Architecture

The Declarative Action Architecture (DAA) is a scalable E2E testing pattern that separates concerns across three distinct layers. The Test Layer is 100% declarative, stating what is being tested without any procedural logic, making tests read like documentation. The core Action Layer implements the execution logic by translating the declarative steps, with a mandatory rule of self-verification (an assertion is built into every action) and composing smaller, reusable actions . Finally, the Physical Layer acts as a "dumb" driver, handling pure execution and system interaction (like API calls or WebDriver commands) without any business logic or assertions.